I. INTRODUCTION 

This week we examine through the lens of Scripture the second of four wrong views regarding the relationship of Church and state. Last week we studied the first wrong view: Government should compel religion or put another way, promote a theocratic nation. In response, the first Bible study of this series concluded that the New Testament (NT) teaches there should be institutional separation but not influential separation. This week we examine the viewpoint that favors both institutional and influential separation, the aberrant view that Government should exclude religion. 

As discussed in our last Bible study, the Reformation did not sufficiently address the institutional differentiation of Church and state as espoused by the NT writers (the exception being the Anabaptist movement). It, therefore, followed that institutional separation of Church and state as manifest in the American experiment in government was not borne from exegetical discovery. Quite to the contrary, the impetus of American separation was based upon a pragmatic reaction to theocratic England. Is it any wonder that through the years there has been so much confusion about this subject—compelling or excluding—by both believers and non-believers alike? 

II. WRONG VIEW NO. 2: GOVERNMENT SHOULD EXCLUDE RELIGION 

This view is widely held by secularists in American society today. The word “secular” means “not controlled by a religious body. Not religious or spiritual in nature.” Secularists want religion out of government altogether. The view is propagated by individuals and organizations such as the ACLU and Americans United for Separation of Church and State. Religion, according to them, should keep to itself; should not influence the marketplace; the political process; or the laws of the land. 

This ideological position is manifested in a myriad of ways, illustrated in part by the following: 

• Prayers should not accompany the opening of a city council meeting 
• The Ten Commandments should be removed from government buildings 
• Prayers at public school graduation ceremonies should be banned 
• The overthrow of male-female, husband-wife marriage is justified on the basis that such views, because they are based in religious beliefs, constitute the establishment of religion 
• Bible studies shouldn’t be allowed on campuses 

These and many other illustrations serve to represent an exclusionist understanding of how the institution of the state should relate to the Church. 

What’s the main problem with this viewpoint? Scripturally speaking, all State authority comes from God in the first place; God mediates His authority through the State. There is no authority except from God says Paul in Romans 13:1 as he discusses this very issue. So, it stands to reason that the state should not exclude its main sponsor when going about its duties! Add to this simple observation that ultimately and eventually “every knee shall bow … and every tongue shall give praise to God” (Romans 14:11; cf. Philippians 2:10, 11). “Every” would seem to include individuals as well as nations (2 Thessalonians 1:7–10; Psalm 2). Willingly or unwillingly, with joy in submission or pain in rebellion, all will eventually bow! To exclude Him now does not mean He will be excluded later. So why now? 

In addition, Psalm 2 cannot be overlooked by any world leader who would prohibit the King of kings and the Lord of lords (Revelation 19:16) from being worshipped in a given nation. Those nations who do forbid Him risk the premature consequences of Acts 17:26 wherein Paul, via the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, says regarding nations, “He determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation.” Therefore, be warned: governments that exclude God from His due, proceed at their own risk and journey to their own peril. Wise leaders attempt to please Him, not expunge Him. Wise leaders understand the need for institutional separation but not influential separation. 

If the aforementioned somehow seems insufficient as to why the exclusionist—the influential separation view—should be roundly defeated, what follows are seven additional reasons. 

A. EXCLUDING RELIGION TEMPTS A NATION TO OBLITERATE THE BASIS OF ITS LAWS 

The contents of most societal laws are based upon religious beliefs. For instance, America gets its following laws from the Bible: stealing is wrong (Exodus 20:15), murder is wrong (Exodus 20:13) and marriage between a man and a woman is right (Exodus 20:17). For our nation to form laws from Scripture regarding thievery, murder, or marriage is commendable. But to do so should not be labeled as propagating a religion. That however is exactly what is happening in America. What a ludicrous conclusion! To deem such as “establishing a religion” is to begin to throw out most laws as justices invoke the First Amendment to supposedly say that such laws are equivalent to the “establishment of religion.” Such pretext is to invoke the First Amendment in a way that was never intended. It is to practice judicial eisegesis, to exercise the Constitution in a way devoid of context, authorial intent, and interpretive integrity. Such however is deemed a necessary obstacle to be overcome when scaling the mountain called exclusion. 

To increasingly reason that every law of the land founded in Scripture should be overthrown because it represents an attempt to establish a religion is to destroy the corpus of American culture. It is to start down a slippery slope. When the Iowa Supreme Court imposed same-sex marriage it ruled that even though the majority of Iowans reject same-sex marriages,1 their convictions were based in religious dogma, and since the Iowa Constitution states, “The general assembly shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion,” the opinions of the majority were conveniently deemed unconstitutional. When Christians led the way to abolish slavery, such was not viewed as a quest to establish a religion. Rather, it was and remains a manifestation of religious conviction underlying lawmaking by the State.2 

Such reasonableness, however, seems to be rendered intemperate by zealous secularists who seem intent on unraveling the fabric of society. In that America’s laws are intrinsically intertwined historically with the Torah, perhaps the exclusionists should start their own nation. 

Wasn’t our Supreme Court founded on the bedrock of Mount Sinai versus the Quicksand of the Hill? 

Summarily on this point, the presupposition that American law is best served devoid of Scripture asserts the supremacy of the mind over the will of God. It is to elevate anthropology above bibliology. It is to deem superior the finite, and inferior the infinite. It is to deem infallible the fallible, and fallible the infallible. Such thinking is to prematurely fell a nation. 

Make no mistake, let us be clear: if the reason for a particular law in a country is based upon religious teaching, our upholding of that law is not tantamount to establishing a religion! 

B. EXCLUDING RELIGION CHANGES FREEDOM OF RELIGION INTO FREEDOM FROM RELIGION 

When Thomas Jefferson penned his famous separation of Church and State letter in 1802, he did so in the context and response to a query from the Baptists in Connecticut. They were concerned that their Congregationalist brothers were attempting to impose their brand of Protestantism on the whole of the state. The Congregationalist, you see, wanted to become the official religion of the state. Jefferson adroitly pointed out that the First Amendment was intended to keep that from happening: the state is not to officially sanction a religion, he said. Clearly Jefferson’s letter evidences his belief that the First Amendment was intended to keep the State from imposing a particular religion. It had nothing to do with excluding the Church from the State. The constitutional idea of freedom of religion means the State is to neither compel nor exclude it. Here are three major hurdles we face when attempting to change freedom of religion into freedom from religion: 

1. The First Amendment is contorted. When we attempt to exclude religion from the State we interpret it contrary to Jefferson’s intention. 
2. The Declaration of Independence must be rewritten. You won’t find the freedom from religion viewpoint. To the contrary, the document speaks about God: God granting unalienable rights, God creating man equally, etc. (as aligns with Genesis 1:26; Psalm 8:5–8). These God-granted capabilities are the very things that government should seek to defend in its citizenry—not exclude! Accordingly, to exclude religion from government is to unravel the main reason America fought for and established its independence in the first place. 
3. The fact that our government is not to prohibit the free exercise of religion must be ignored. Such an edict is in contradiction to proponents of exclusion. Perhaps exclusionists should attempt to rewrite the Constitution versus twisting its perspicuity. 

Freedom from religion—exclusion—is an untenable position biblically, historically, and constitutionally. 

C. EXCLUDING RELIGION WRONGLY RESTRICTS FREEDOM OF SPEECH 

Advocates of exclusion run cross-grain not only to the Constitution’s proviso that every citizen has an expressed, explicit right to exercise his or her religion, but also to its provision that every citizen has free speech. In a Church-excluded culture a citizen has limited freedom of speech because he or she can no longer speak about religious matters. The end result of exclusion is that we cannot speak of the Bible, pray in public, or for that matter hear a sermon in Church or on the radio! Suddenly, believers who are commanded by Scripture to preach the Word (cf. 2 Timothy 4:2; cf. Romans 10:14) are in contempt of the State, impacting even the private practice of religion. 

D. EXCLUDING RELIGION WAS NEVER ADOPTED BY THE AMERICAN PEOPLE 

Exclusion is a “view [that] was never adopted by the American people … but it is being imposed on our nation by the exercise of ‘raw judicial power.’”3 

E. EXCLUDING RELIGION REMOVES FROM THE GOVERNMENT GOD’S TEACHING ABOUT GOOD AND EVIL 

Romans 13:4 states that government is a minister God to you for your good. But how is that so if government excludes the Church from proclaiming the Good News of salvation (cf. Romans 10:15)? Scripture also says that government is for the punishment of evildoers and the praise of those who do right. (1 Peter 2:14). But how can government accomplish that if it will not allow religious teaching regarding what is good and what is evil? In fact, if the Bible does not inform our lawmaking, what source will—and who should be the one to determine that source for our lawmaking? 

How is a citizen to learn moral standards if God’s voice is silenced by the States?

F. BIBLICAL EXAMPLES OF GOD’S PEOPLE GIVING COUNSEL TO RULERS 

The Bible is full of illustrations of God’s people interacting with State leaders. Contrary to the exclusionist’s viewpoint, this is standard operating procedure throughout all of history. Notice these: 

• Joseph served Pharoah in Genesis 41:41 
• Moses rebuked Pharaoh in Exodus 10:3 
• Mordacai found favor with King Ahasueras in Esther 8:1 
• Jonah brought the King of Ninevah to repentance in Jonah 3:6 
• Daniel counseled King Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4:27 
• John the Baptist rebuked Herod the tetriarch in luke 3:19 
• Paul reasoned with Governor Felix in Acts 24:25 
• Paul witnessed to Caesar according to Acts 27:24 

The Bible knows nothing of excluding religious leaders from the State. Nor does American history—and by not excluding religious influence in the State America catapulted to becoming the most powerful nation on earth—especially in relationship to those nations that do exclude religious influence. 

G. THE SPIRITUAL BASIS FOR THE EXCLUDE RELIGION VIEW 

Those who espouse this viewpoint have an obvious motive to remove accountability to God. Such should surprise no one. The unregenerate have a natural proclivity to suppress the truth in unrighteousness (Romans 1:18) States John 3:19, “Men loved the darkness rather than the light, for their deeds were evil.” To remove moral accountability to God is to invoke the moral disintegration of society. 

III. CONCLUSION 

What results when a government excludes the influence of religion, and in America’s context, Christianity? 

A populous becomes largely devoid of biblical influence in its lawmaking and overall culture; it also loses the indwelling Holy Spirit in the life of its otherwise Christ-following citizenry. What results are nations similar to those in the Middle East where totalitarian rulers are necessary because self-governance is the exception. We find the cultural outcome of nations wherein God’s laws are not written on the hearts of individuals. The converse of Jeremiah 31:33 and Hebrews 10:16 becomes evident: 

“I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.” 

Contextually, Jeremiah here speaks of Israel, which had failed under the outward nature of the old Mosaic Covenant. But in spite of her failure, God was promising hope in the future: a New Covenant, with a spiritual, divine dynamic; a time when God the Holy Spirit would indwell believers during the Church Age and in the future Millennial Kingdom. We presently live during this New Covenant Age and per the parallel promises of Hebrews 10:16, the Holy Spirit will and does live in the life of the believer—internally enabling the follower of Christ to keep God’s law: 

“This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, says the Lord: I will put My laws upon their heart, and on their mind I will write them.” 

Acts 1:8 adds to this truth, “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you.” States 1 Corinthians 1:18: For the word of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. God empowers believers to live holy lives in society—something every culture needs in order to live peaceably and to prosper. 

The exclude-religion-from-the-State view expunges the influence of the Scriptures and the indwelling Holy Spirit from society, and with His restraint absent, all hell breaks loose sooner or later. 

In the Christians and Government study series we explore 

PART 1: Wrong View No. 1: Government Should Compel Religion 

PART 2: Wrong View No. 2: Government Should Exclude Religion 

PART 3: Wrong View No. 3: All Governments Are Evil and Demonic 

PART 4: Wrong View No. 4: Believers Should Do Evangelism and Not Politics 

PART 5: Right View: A Biblically-Reasoned Understanding of the Separation of Church and State 

1. Varnum v. Brien, 753 N.W. 2nd 862 (Iowa Supreme Court, 2009), 64, n. 29. 

2. What came into law was the reality of the religious belief that every human being is created in God’s image (Genesis 1:26; cf. Psalm 8:6–8); that being the case, no man has a right to rule over another. 

3. Grudem, Wayne Politics According to the Bible (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010), 34. 

Summary

In Part 2 of Five Wrong Views About Christians and Government, Capitol Ministries examines the view that government should exclude religion. The study argues for institutional separation of Church and State while affirming the importance of Christian influence through biblical teaching, evangelism, discipleship, and counsel to public officials. Drawing on Romans 13 and biblical examples of believers addressing rulers, it encourages Christians to bring scriptural convictions into public life. The introductory encouragement calls public servants to prioritize regular Bible study and fellowship so their service is grounded in spiritual strength.

What view does this study address?

This study addresses the claim that government should exclude religion, including religious influence on public life, lawmaking, and leadership.

What is the difference between institutional and influential separation?

Institutional separation recognizes distinct roles for Church and State. Influential separation would exclude religious teaching and convictions from public life. The study supports institutional separation while rejecting the exclusion of biblical influence.

How can Christians influence government while respecting the separation of Church and State?

Christians can share the gospel, disciple public servants, offer biblical counsel, and bring scriptural convictions to their civic responsibilities while respecting the distinct responsibilities of Church and State.

What biblical examples illustrate believers influencing rulers?

The study highlights Joseph serving Pharaoh, Daniel counseling Nebuchadnezzar, John the Baptist confronting Herod, and Paul reasoning with Governor Felix.

Why should public servants prioritize regular Bible study?

Regular study of God’s Word strengthens spiritual maturity and equips believers to resist temptation and compromise. The introduction draws on Ephesians 6 to encourage public servants to protect time for Bible study and fellowship.